ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


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STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 
A.  M.  SHELTON.  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON.  Chief 


BULLETIN  No.  52 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN 
ILLINOIS 

BY 

A.  C.  NOE 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS 
1925 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.SH ELTON,  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON,  Chief 


BULLETIN  No.  52 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN 
ILLINOIS 

BY 

A.  C.  NOE 


PRINTED   BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 


URBANA,   ILLINOIS 

1925 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 
DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.  SH ELTON,  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON,  Chief 


Committee  of  the  Board  of  Natural  Resources 
and  Conservation 


A.  M.  Shelton,  Chairman 

Director  of  Registration  and  Education 

Kendric  C.  Babcock 

Representing  the  President  of  the 
University  of  Illinois 


Edson  S.  Bastin 
Geologist 


PREFACE 

During  parts  of  the  field  seasons  of  1905,  1906,  and  1907,  the  Illinois 
Geological  Survey  had  the  valued  services  of  America's  dean  of  Carbonifer- 
ous paleobotany,  Dr.  David  White,  in  a  general  reconnaissance  of  the 
Upper  Coal  Measures,  now  precisely  referred  to  as  the  Pennsylvania!! 
system.  Previous  to  that  time  but  little  work  had  been  done,  chiefly  by 
Leo  Lesquereux  from  collections  by  A.  H.  Worthen  and  associates.  White's 
work  led  to  a  general  correlation  of  the  strata  of  the  Illinois  coal  field  with 
the  eastern  field,  and  to  a  division  of  the  Pennsylvanian  system  into  three 
series:  the  Pottsville  (lowest),  the  Carbondale,  and  the  McLeansboro. 

In  1921,  in  connection  with  an  intensive  study  of  the  coal  resources 
of  Illinois,  the  State  Geological  Survey  undertook  a  program  of  a  more 
detailed  study  of  the  plant  forms  found  in  strata  associated  with  the  coal 
beds,  fully  realizing  that  the  facts  to  be  uncovered  by  such  an  investiga- 
tion wrould  likely  be  of  inestimable  value  to  a  proper  correlation  of  the  coal 
beds  in  different  parts  of  our  State  and  to  our  knowledge  of  their  extent 
and  relationships.  The  work  is  being  conducted  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Noe,  Asso- 
ciate Professor  of  Paleobotany  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  and  has  already 
reached  an  advanced  stage. 

The  study  is  far-reaching  in  its  relations  to  the  functions  of  the  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  to  the  proper  identification  of  coal  beds  which  the  Survey 
uses  in  determining  the  existence  of  favorable  structures  for  the  com- 
mercial occurrence  of  oil  and  gas,  to  the  estimates  made  of  the  State's 
coal  resources,  to  the  scientific  contributions  which  the  Survey  is  in  posi- 
tion to  make  on  both  the  character  of  the  vegetation,  climatic  environ- 
ment, and  physiographic  conditions  of  the  Pennsylvanian  period,  and  on 
the  life  history  of  the  plant  kingdom,  and  finally,  with  unneglected  atten- 
tion, to  providing  secondary  schools  and  colleges  of  the  State  with  desir- 
able  educational   material. 

It  is  designed  eventually  to  publish  a  comprehensive  monograph  on 
the  flora  of  the  Pennsylvanian  system  of  Illinois,  properly  illustrated  and 
containing  descriptions  of  both  old  and  new  species,  and  the  conclusions 
to  be  drawn  regarding  coal  correlations.  The  field,  however,  is  very  exten- 
sive, and,  in  order  that  advantage  may  be  taken  of  data  obtained  in  the 
course  of  the  study,  short  bulletins  covering  sub-units  of  the  State  will  be 
issued.  The  present  bulletin  is  an  account  of  the  Pennsylvanian  flora  of 
northern  Illinois,  marking  the  completion  of  the  work  of  one  of  the  sub- 
units.  Its  treatment  is  feasibly  popular,  and  such  technical  descriptions 
as  new  and  old  species  may  require  are  left  for  the  monograph. 

M.  M.  Leighton,  Chief, 

State  Geological  Survey. 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

By  A.  C.  Nee 


OUTLINE 
Part  I 


PAGE 

Introduction 9 

General  statement 9 

Location  and  brief  description  of  localities 9 

Collections 10 

Historical  review 10 

Method  of  determination 11 

Organization  of  the  material 1 1 

Acknowledgments 12 

Identification  of  fossil  plants 12 

Definition  of  a  fossil  plant  species 12 

List  of  figured  species 13 

Discussion  of  figured  orders  and  genera 15 

Equisetales 15 

Sphenophyllales 16 

Lycopodiales 16 

Filicales 16 

Cycadofilicales 18 

Cordaitales 18 

Part  II 

Explanation  of  Plates  I-XLV 19 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


PLATE  PAGE 

I  Reconstruction  of  swamp  forest  in  Pennsylvanian  time.  After  H.  Potonie.  20 

II     Equisetales  from  La  Salle  and  Braidwood  regions 22 

III     Equisetales  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 24 

IV7     Equisetales  from  Morris  and  Mazon  Creek  regions 26 

V     Equisetales  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 28 

VI     Sphenophyllales  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 30 

VII     Lycopodiales  from  Mazon  Creek  region 32 

VIII     Lycopodiales  from  Braidwood  and  Mazon  Creek  regions 34 

IX     Lycopodiales  from  Mazon  Creek  region 36 

X     Lycopodiales  from  Mazon  Creek  region 38 

XI     Lycopodiales  from  Braidwood  region 40 

XII     Lycopodiales  from  Braidwood 42 

XIII  Filicales:  Sphenopteridae  from  Braidwood  and  Mazon  Creek  regions.  ...  44 

XIV  Filicales:  Sphenopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 46 

XV     Filicales:  Megalopteridae  from  Port  Byron 48 

XVI     Filicales:  Mariopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 50 

XVII  Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Spring  Valley  and  Mazon  Creek  regions.  .  52 

XVIII     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 54 

XIX     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Braidwood  region 56 

XX     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 58 

XXI     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 60 

XXII     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 62 

XXIII  Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek 64 

XXIV  Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 66 

XXV  Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Braidwood  and  Mazon  Creek  regions  ....  68 

XXVI     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 70 

XXVII     Filicales:  Neuropteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 72 

XXVIII     Filicales:  Various  fern  leaf  types  from  Mazon  Creek  region 74 

XXIX     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 76 

XXX     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 78 

XXXI     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 80 

XXXII     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Braidwood  region 82 

XXXIII  Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Morris  region 84 

XXXIV  Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 86 

XXXV     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 88 

XXXVI     Filicales:  Pecopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 90 

XXXVII     Filicales:  Odontopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 92 

XXXVIII     Filicales:  Alethopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  regions 94 

XXXIX     Filicales:  Alethopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 96 

XL     Filicales:  Alethopteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 98 

XLI     Filicales:  Callipteridae  from  Mazon  Creek  region 100 

XLII     Cycadofilicales:  Reproductive  organs.    From  Mazon  Creek  region 102 

XLIII  Cycadofilicales:  Reproductive  organs.     From  Mazon  Creek  and  Braid- 
wood regions 104 

XLIV  Cycadofilicales  and  Cordaitales:  Reproductive  organs.     From  Braidwood 

and  Mazon  Creek  regions 106 

XLV  Cycadofilicales,  Cordaitales,  and   fern   stems  from  Mazon  Creek,  Braid- 
wood and  Coal  City 108 


PART  I.     TEXT 


INTRODUCTION 

General  Statemkn  i 

The  Coal  Measures,  or  the  Pennsylvanian  system,  of  Illinois  lie  in  the 
heart  of  the  Eastern  Interior  Coal  Field  which  extends  from  southeastern 
Iowa  on  the  northwest  to  western  Indiana  on  the  east,  and  from  upper 
Illinois  River  on  the  north,  to  western  Kentucky  on  the  south.  By  far 
the  greater  part  of  this  great  coal  field  is  in  Illinois.  The  strata  reach  a 
maximum  thickness  of  about  2,000  feet  in  southern  Illinois,  and  contain 
at  least  five  distinct  commercial  "veins"  or  beds  of  coal  of  varying  extent, 
besides  a  number  of  local  beds.  As  these  are  largely  covered  by  later  Coal 
Measures  strata  and  glacial  drift,  the  number  of  exposures  are  relatively 
small.  Consequently,  the  question  of  the  areal  extent  and  relationships 
of  these  beds  rests  upon  the  identification  of  the  beds  by  certain  characteris- 
tics, one  of  which,  and  a  very  important  one,  is  the  different  species  and 
genera  of  fossil  plants  associated  with  each  coal  bed. 

Location  and  Brief  Description  of  Localities 

The  fossil  flora  herein  set  forth  was  collected  from  the  so-called  No.  2 
coal  bed  of  District  1  in  northern  Illinois.  One  of  the  main  localities  where 
such  plants  have  been  collected  are  the  mine  dumps  northeast  of  Braidwood 
in  Will  County.  The  majority  of  plants  from  concretions  and  all  the  Braid- 
wood  plants  from  shale  were  collected  at  the  Skinner  No.  2  mine  two  miles 
northeast  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad  station  at  Braidwood  in  the 
NW.  \i  of  Sec.  4,  T.  32  N.,  R.  9  E.  in  Will  County. 

Two  other  localities  where  only  concretions  are  found  at  present  are 
at  the  so-called  Ox  Bow  of  the  Mazon  River,  seven  and  ten  miles  southeast 
of  Morris,  located  in  the  NW.  %  of  Sec.  30  and  the  NE.  M  of  Sec.  24,  T. 
33  N.,  R.  7  E.  of  Grundy  County.  Formerly  considerable  quantities  of 
fossil  plants  wrere  also  collected  in  the  shale  above  the  coal  in  various  small 
mines  north  of  Morris,  but  almost  all  these  mines  are  now  shut  down.  The 
Wilmington  Star  No.  7  mine  in  the  NE.  ^  of  Sec.  5,  T.  33  N.,  R.  8  E., 
2J4  miles  west  of  the  Santa  Fe  depot  in  Coal  City,  also  supplied  some 
fossils.  Another  locality  which  still  produces  fossil  plants  from  the  shale 
above  the  coal  is  the  No.  1  mine  of  the  Spring  Valley  Coal  Company  at 
Spring  Valley,  in  the  SW.  \i  of  Sec.  35,  T.  16  N.,  R.  11  E.  in  Bureau  County. 

The  Skinner  No.  2  mine  shaft  is  60  feet  deep  to  the  coal.  The  fossils 
are  contained  in  concretions  extending  through  about  six  feet  of  shale 
above  the  coal  and  excellent  impressions  are  found  directly  in  the  shale, 
not  more  than  twelve  inches  from  the  coal.  No  concretion^  were  observed 
in  the  coal  in  Wilmington  Star  No.  7  and  in  the  Spring  Valley  No.  1  mines. 
The  fossils  there  are  found  only  in  the  shale.    The  coal  lies  in  the  Wilming- 

9 


10  PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

ton  Star  mine  at  an  average  of  135  feet  below  the  surface,  except  near  the 
main  shaft,  where  it  is  185  feet  deep.  At  Spring  Valley  the  coal  lies  360 
feet  below  the  surface. 

The  coal  seams  associated  with  shales  carrying  fossil  plants  are  com- 
monly called  No.  2  coal  in  Illinois,  with  the  local  name  of  the  "Third 
Vein"  at  La  Salle  and  Spring  Valley.  For  the  sake  of  convenience,  the  No. 
2  designation  will  be  kept  in  this  bulletin,  although  a  later  correlation  of 
coal  seams  on  the  basis  of  fossil  plants  in  Illinois  may  suggest  a  different 
number.  The  flora  which  is  described  from  these  localities  is  somewhat 
analogous  to  the  flora  of  the  Stephanian  of  Germany  and  France,  which 
would  indicate  a  stratigraphic  position  much  higher  than  that  of  the  lower 
Carbondale. 

Collections 

The  material  which  is  described  in  this  bulletin  was  collected  partly 
by  the  author  and  his  students,  and  part  of  it  is  in  other  existing  collections. 
The  most  prominent  collectors  during  the  latter  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century  and  of  the  present  time  were  C.  D.  Young,  J.  C.  Carr,  and  L.  E. 
Daniels,  all  of  Morris,  Illinois;  W.  J.  Knoblock,  of  Quincy,  Illinois,  and 
George  Condie,  of  Spring  Valley.  The  mine  management  of  the  Wilming- 
ton Star  No.  2  mine  also  contributed  a  valuable  specimen  for  this  descrip- 
tion. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Young  of  Morris  has  donated  his  extremely  valuable  col- 
lection to  the  University  of  Chicago.  The  Carr  and  Daniels  collections 
were  acquired  by  the  University  of  Illinois  and  are  kept  in  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  Urbana,  Illinois.  Mr.  Knoblock's  collection  is  in  his  home 
at  Quincy,  but  a  portion  of  it  was  generously  lent  to  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago for  a  period  of  time  in  order  to  be  described.  The  collection  of  Mr. 
Condie  is  in  his  home  in  Spring  Valley.  The  author  wishes  to  express  his 
appreciation  of  the  assistance  which  he  has  received  from  Mr.  F.  C.  Baker, 
Curator  of  the  Natural  History  Museum,  University  of  Illinois,  who  not 
only  facilitated  the  study  of  the  collection  at  the  Museum  but  lent  a  por- 
tion of  it  for  a  specified  time  to  the  University  of  Chicago. 

Historical  Review 

The  literature  describing  the  fossil  flora  of  northern  Illinois  belongs 
to  the  later  decades  of  the  nineteenth  and  the  first  of  the  twentieth  century. 
Volume  2  (1866)  and  Volume  4  (1870)  of  the  first  Geological  Survey  of 
Illinois  contain  numerous  descriptions  of  fossil  plants  by  Leo  Lesquereux, 
the  Swiss  naturalist  who  arrived  in  the  United  States  as  the  companion 
of  Louis  Agassiz.  He  was  destined  to  become  the  father  of  paleobotany  in 
this  country,  while  Sir  William  Dawson  inaugurated  the  same  science  in 
Canada.  Lesquereux  collected  all  available  information  on  fossil  plants  of 
the  American  Carboniferous  formation  for  Report  P  of  the  Second  Geologi- 
cal Survey  of  Pennsylvania  published  under  the  title,  Coal  Flora  of  the 
Carboniferous  Formation  in  Pennsylvania  and  Throughout  the  United  Stales. 
An  atlas  was  published  in  1879,  Volumes  1  and  2  of  the  text  in  1880,  and 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS  11 

Volume  3,  containing  text  and  some  plates,  in  1884.  A  great  many  of 
Lesquereux's  fossil  plants  were  described  again  and  in  a  few  instances  aug- 
mented by  other  species  in  a  Dictionary  of  the  Fossils  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Neighboring  States,  compiled  by  J.  P.  Lesley  (Geological  Survey  of  Penn- 
sylvania Report  P  4,  1889-1890).  Another  publication  which  contains 
illustrations  and  descriptions  of  Carboniferous  plants  of  North  America 
based  upon  determinations  by  Lesquereux  is  North  American  Geology  and 
Paleontology  for  the  Use  of  Amateurs,  Students  and  Scientists,  by  S.  A. 
Miller,  Cincinnati,  1889. 

These  books  contain  the  earlier  investigations  of  fossil  plants  of  the 
Pennsylvanian  in  Illinois  and  nothing  more  was  done  along  these  lines  until 
the  years  1906,  1907,  and  1908,  when  a  new  era  of  Paleozoic  plant  studies 
was  inaugurated  in  Illinois  by  David  White,  Geologist  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  upon  instigation  of  the  State  Geological  Survey  of 
Illinois.  Dr.  White's  observations  are  given  in  Bulletins  4,  8,  and  14  of  the 
Illinois  State  Geological  Survey.  He  restricted  himself  to  a  preliminary 
report  of  the  distribution  of  Pennsylvanian  plants  in  Illinois.  It  was  on 
the  basis  of  his  observations  that  the  subdivisions  of  the  Pennsylvanian 
system  in  Illinois — Pottsville,  Carbondale,  and  McLeansboro — were  made. 

A  new  and  third  period  in  the  study  of  fossil  plants  in  Illinois  began 
when  the  State  Geological  Survey  engaged  the  services  of  the  author  for 
extensive  collecting  of  Pennsylvanian  plants  throughout  the  State.  These 
collections  will  be  described  in  a  series  of  reports  of  which  this  one  is  the 
first. 

Method  of  Determination 

All  specimens  of  the  collection  were  first  checked  against  the  figures 
of  Lesquereux's  Atlas  of  the  Coal  Flora  of  Pennsylvania.  They  were  also 
compared  with  the  Carboniferous  specimens  described  and  illustrated  in 
the  works  of  David  White,  R.  Zeiller,  A.  Renier,  C.  Grand'Eury,  B. 
Renault,  H.  Potonie,  W.  Gothan,  and  W.  J.  Jongmans. 

Lesquereux's  nomenclature  is  obsolete  and  needs  frequent  corrections 
so  that  many  of  the  species  have  now  been  relegated  to  the  class  of  synonyms. 
His  nomenclature  was,  therefore,  corrected  with  the  help  of  the  above- 
mentioned  authors  and  by  comparing  them  with  the  species'  names  and 
synonyms  listed  in  the  catalogue  of  the  Paleozoic  plants  in  the  Department 
of  Geology  and  Paleobotany  of  the  British  Museum,  by  R.  Kidston, 
London,  1886,  and  in  the  manuscript  catalog  of  David  White. 


Organization  of  the  Material 

The  organization  of  paleobotanic  material  is  not  as  simple  a  matter 
as  would  be  the  arrangement  of  a  living  flora.  The  taxonomic  and  the 
biologic  points  of  view  for  the  classification  of  fossil  plants  frequently  do 
not  agree,  and  yet  a  purely  artificial  system  of  plants  cannot  be  consid- 
ered the  ideal  basis  for  organizing  such  material.     Therefore,   the  author 


12  PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

has  kept  in  mind  the  biologic  considerations  as  they  are  expounded  in  the 
most  recent  general  paleobotanic  textbooks  such  as  the  following: 

Seward,  A.  C:  Fossil  Plants,  4  vol.,  London,  1898-1919. 

Berry,  E.  W. :  Paleobotany,  a  Sketch  of  the  Origin  and  Evolution  of  Floras,  Washington, 
1920. 

Potonie,  H.  and  W.  Gothan:  Lehrbuch  der  Paleobotanik,  2nd  edition,  Berlin,  1921. 

Scott,  D.  H.:  Studies  in  Fossil  Plants,  3rd  edition,  London,   1921-23. 

Gothan,  W.:  Leitfossilien-Karbon  und  Perm.  Pflanzen,  Berlin,  1923. 

Scott,  D.  H.:  Extinct  Plants  and  Problems  of  Evolution,  London,  1924. 

Acknowledgments 

The  author  wishes  to  express  his  sincere  thanks  to  D.  C.  Young,  the 
donor  of  a  beautiful  collection  of  fossil  plants  from  the  Mazon  Creek 
deposits  to  the  University  of  Chicago;  to  Ed.  Carr,  son  of  the  collector, 
J.  C.  Carr,  for  many  courtesies  and  numerous  fossils  given  to  the  University 
of  Chicago;  to  F.  C.  Baker,  Curator  of  the  Natural  History  Museum, 
University  of  Illinois,  for  his  great  kindness  in  facilitating  the  study  of 
the  Carr  and  Daniels  collections;  to  W.  J.  Knoblock  in  Quincy  and  George 
Condie  in  Spring  Valley  for  the  loan  of  valuable  fossils;  to  Dr.  W.  E.  Walsh 
in  Morris  for  specimens  and  valuable  assistance;  and  to  W.  Oswald  of 
Braidwood  for  his  courtesy  and  help. 

The  deepest  gratitude  of  the  author  is  felt  toward  the  State  Geological 
Survey  of  Illinois  which  has  facilitated  and  published  these  studies.  Special 
thanks  are  also  due  to  the  former  Chief  of  the  Survey,  Mr.  F.  W.  DeWolf, 
and  to  the  present  Chief,  Dr.  M.  M.  Leighton,  who  authorized  and  gener- 
ously supported  these  investigations.  The  author  is  much  indebted  to 
Dr.  Harold  E.  Culver,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  coal  investigations  of  the 
Illinois  State  Geological  Survey  and  who  gave  invaluable  aid  throughout 
the  investigation.  To  Dr.  David  White,  who  has  critically  read  this  report 
and  offered  most  valuable  suggestions,  the  author  wishes  to  express  his 
sincere  appreciation. 

IDENTIFICATION  OF  FOSSIL  PLANTS 
Definition  of  a  Fossil  Plant  Species 

In  order  to  identify  and  classify  fossil  plants,  it  is  important  to  have 
in  mind  what  a  fossil  species  is.  It  is  more  difficult  to  distinguish  fossil 
plant  species  which  are  fragmentary  than  to  recognize  living  plant  species 
where  complete  specimens  are  available.  It  has  occurred  frequently  that 
two  fossil  leaf  forms  have  been  described  as  representing  two  distinct 
species  and  similar  forms  were  later  found  connected  on  one  single  branch. 
Such  fossils  as  show  characteristic  differences  and  have  never  been  found 
to  have  grown  on  one  and  the  same  plant  should  be  considered  as  differ- 
ent species. 

If  we  keep  in  mind  the  pronounced  polymorphism  of  many  organs  in 
living  plants,  and  assume  that  similar  conditions  prevailed  in  the  Paleozoic 
era,  we  must  conclude  that  our  species  distinctions  of  fossil  plants  are  only 
approximately  true  and  subject  to  constant  revision  upon  the  discovery  of 
more  complete  material.  It  also  follows  that  the  better  known  species 
present  a  wider  range  of  variations  than  those  of  which  we  know  little. 
Furthermore,  we  know  most  fossil  plant  species  only  from  impressions  and 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS  13 

must  base  our  species  descriptions  on  few  and  often  secondary  charac- 
ters. We  have  form  types  of  this  case — such  as,  stem  types,  leaf  types,  and 
fructification  types.  Only  in  comparatively  few  instances  do  we  possess 
petrefacts  with  well  preserved  tissues  and,  under  favorable  circumstances, 
can  we  establish  phylogenetic,  that  is,  evolutionary  relations  and  distinc-. 
tions.  Under  such  favorable  but  rare  circumstances  we  actually  have 
biological  species  types  of  the  same  value  as  offered  by  living  plants. 

The  plants  that  are  figured  in  this  report  fall  under  the  following 
general  groups: 

1.  Equisetales 

2.  Sphenophyllales 

3.  Lycopodiales 

4.  Filicales 

5.  Cycadofilicales 

6.  Cordaitales 

Groups  1  to  4  inclusive  belong  to  the  general  phylum  of  Pteridophytes, 
while  groups  5  and  6  belong  to  the  Gymnosperms  of  the  Spermatophytes. 
No  Angiosperm  impressions  were  recognized  in  the  Paleozoic  era,  although 
they  probably  existed,  because  Angiosperm-like  structures  were  found  in 
coal  balls  from  the  Pennsylvanian  of  Illinois1. 

The  six  groups  mentioned  above,  with  the  exception  of  the  Filicales, 
represent  truly  phylogenetic  divisions  of  the  plant  kingdom.  Originally 
all  fern-like  fossil  leaves  were  classed  as  true  ferns  until  many  of  them  were 
found  connected  with  Gymnosperm-like  seeds.  Early  in  the  twentieth 
century  the  Cycadofilicales  or  seed  fern  group  was  established  and  was 
joined  to  the  Gymnosperms.  Since  in  most  cases  we  deal  with  fern-like 
leaf  impressions  which  may  phylogenetically  belong  either  to  Pteridophy- 
tes or  Gymnosperms,  the  most  convenient  form  of  classification  may  be 
Filicales  or,  as  Potonie  had  suggested,  Pteridophylls.  As  the  latter  name 
has  not  yet  been  introduced  in  this  country,  we  may  still  be  permitted  to 
call  the  group  Filicales,  but  it  must  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  fossils  classified 
under  this  name  are  only  a  form  group,  an  assemblage  of  leaf  types,  which 
may  belong  to  true  ferns  or  to  seed  ferns  or,  in  some  instances,  to  both. 

List  of  Figured  Species 

The  following  forms,  classified  according  to  the  various  groups,  were 
found  in  northern  Illinois  and  are  illustrated  in  Plates  I  to  XLV: 
Equisetales: 

Calamites  suckowi  Brongniart 

Annularia  stellata  (Schlotheim)  Wood 

A.  radiata  (Brongniart)  Sternberg 

A.  sphenophylloides  (Zenker)  Gutbier 

Calamocladus  equisetiformis  (Schlotheim)  Schimper 

Calamostachys  solmsi  (Weiss)  Weiss 

C.  germanica  Weiss 

C.  magna  Lesquereux 

Joskins,  J.  H.,  A  Paleozoic  Angiosperm  from  an  American  coal  ball;  Botanical  Gazette:   pp.  .590- .597,  1923 
Noe,  A.  C,  A  Paleozoic  Angiosperm;  Journal  of  Geology:  Vol.  xxi,  No.  4,  pp.  34-4-^47,  1923. 


14  PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

Sphenoph  y  Hales : 

Sphenophyllum  emarginatum  (Brongniart)  Koenig 
S.  majus  (Bronn)  Bronn 

Lycopodiales: 

Lepidodendron  lanceolatum  Lesquereux 
L.  latifolium  Lesquereux 
L.  wortheni  Lesquereux 
L.  rigens  Lesquereux 
Lepidophyllum  majus  Brongniart 
Lepidostrobus  communis  Lindley  and  Hutton 
Lepidostrobus  ovatifolius  Lesquereux 
Lepidophloios  protuberans  Lesquereux 
Lycopodites  meekii  Lesquereux 
Syringodendron  porteri  Lesquereux 
Sigillaria  camptotoenia  (Wood)  Wood 
Stigmaria  ficoides  (Sternberg)  Brongniart 

Filicales: 

1.  Sphenopteridae: 

Sphenopteris  gracilis  (Brongniart)  Presl 
S.  capitata  White 

S.  chaerophylloides  (Brongniart)  Presl 
Palmatopteris  furcata  (Brongniart)  Potonie 

2.  Megalopteridae: 

Megalopteris  southwellii  Lesquereux 

3.  Mariopteridae: 

Mariopteris  muricata  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller 
Mariopteris  muricata  var.  nervosa  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller 
Mariopteris  mazoniana  (Lesquereux)  White 

4.  Neuropteridae: 

Neuropteris  rarinervis  Bunbery 

Cyclopteris  orbicularis  Brongniart 

Neuropteris  flexuosa  Sternberg 

N.  clarksoni  Lesquereux 

N.  ovata  Hoffmann 

N.  crenulata  Brongniart 

N.  capitata  Lesquereux 

N.  oblongifolia  Gutbier 

N.  vermicularis  Lesquereux 

N.  decipiens  Lesquereux 

5.  Linopteridae: 

Linopteris  neuropteroides  (Gutbier)  Potonie 

6.  Pecopteridae: 

Pecopteris  vestita  Lesquereux 

P.  pseudovestita  White 

P.  miltoni  Artis 

P.  squamosa  Lesquereux 


PENNSYLVANIA^   FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS  15 

P.  arborescens  (Brongniart)  Sternberg 

P.  pennaeformis  (Brongniart)  Sternberg 

P.  dentata  Brongniart 

P.  unita  Brongniart 

Ptyehocarpus  unita  (Brongniart)  Weiss 

7.  Odontopteridae: 

Odontopteris  subcuneata  Bunbery 
O.  wortheni  Lesquereux 

8.  Alethopteridae: 

Alethopteris  serlii  (Brongniart)  Goeppert 
A.  davreuxi  (Brongniart)  Goeppert 
A.  grandini  (Brongniart)  Goeppert 

9.  Callipteridae: 

Callipteridium  sullivanti  (Lesquereux)  Weiss 
10.    Fern  stems: 

Megaphyton  spec. 
Ptychopteris  spec. 
Cycadofilicales  and  Cordaitales: 

Staphylopteris  sagittatus  Lesquereux 
Codonotheca  caduca  Sellards 
Codonospermum  anomalum  Brongniart 
Tripterospermum  rostratum  Brongniart 
Trigonocarpum  noeggerathi  Sternberg 
Pachytesta  incrassata  Brongniart 
Cardiocarpus  orbicularis  Ettingshausen 
Cordaitales: 

Cordaites  grandifolius  Lesquereux 
Cordaianthus  gemmifer  Grand     Eury 

DISCUSSION  OF  FIGURED  ORDERS  AND  GENERA 

Equisetales 
The  Paleozoic  Equisetales,  remnants  of  which  are  preserved,  must  have 
been  arborescent  forms.  Undoubtedly,  herbaceous  species,  from  which 
our  modern  Equisetum  descended,  must  also  have  existed.  The  name, 
Calamites,  always  designates  a  stem  form.  Independently,  leaves  and 
smaller  branches  were  found  which  were  called  Annularia  or  Calamocladus 
and  fructifications,  which  were  named  Calamostachys.  These  are,  there- 
fore, not  biological  genus  names  but  form  types,  because  a  Calamites,  an 
Annularia,  and  a  Calamostachys  grew  on  the  same  individual  plant.  How- 
ever, it  is  not  known,  except  in  very  few  instances,  which  species  of  these 
genera  belonged  together.  For  practical  purposes,  particularly  for  use  as 
stratigraphic  index  fossils,  it  is  immaterial  to  know  how  they  were  com- 
bined. The  biological  paleobotanist  or,  better  called,  fossil  plant  morpholo- 
gist  would,  of  course,  like  to  know  more  of  these  combinations  in  order  to 
explain  the  phylogeny  of  the  Paleozoic  Equisetales,  but  in  order  to  study 
this  aspect  with  hope  of  success  it  will  be  necessary  to  obtain  a  great  deal 
more  material,  especially  petrified  or  coal  ball  specimens. 


16  PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

Sphenophyllales 

This  order  contains  only  one  genus,  Sphenophyllum,  and  that  is  now 
extinct.  We  know  nothing  about  any  relation  of  the  Paleozoic  Sphenophyl- 
lales with  living  plants. 

Sphenophyllum  was  an  aquatic  and  herbaceous  plant,  had  jointed  stems 
with  whirls  of  triangular  leaves  that  always  appeared  in  multiples  of  three. 
At  the  end  of  the  branches  were  the  long  and  narrow  strobili. 

Lycopodiales 

Probably  most  of  the  known  genera  and  species  of  fossil  Lycopodiales 
were  arborescent,  with  the  exception  of  the  genus  Lycopodites,  which  was 
herbaceous.  There  must  have  been  numerous  herbaceous  Lycopodiales  in 
the  Paleozoic  era  from  which  our  living  Lycopodiales  descended.  The  large 
tree  forms  died  out  almost  entirely  at  the  end  of  the  Paleozoic  era,  but  a 
few  medium-sized  Mesozoic  tree  types  persisted  for  a  short  time. 

The  two  principal  genera  of  the  Paleozoic  era  are  Lepidodendron  and 
Sigillaria,  both  of  which  reached  a  height  of  about  one  hundred  feet. 

Lepidodendron  is  the  generic  name  for  a  stem  type  that  had  spirally 
arranged  rhomboidal  leaf  scars,  whereas  Sigillaria  had  its  leaf  scars  ver- 
tically arranged.  Syringodendron  was  a  Sigillaria  whose  cortex  had  been 
removed  before  fossilization.  Lepidostrobus  is  the  generic  name  for  the 
strobilus  or  cone  of  Lepidodendron.  Lepidophyllum  is  the  scale  of  Lepido- 
strobus, and  Stigmaria  designates  a  root  form  that  might  have  belonged  to 
a  Lepidodendron  or  a  Sigillaria  stem.  The  different  species  of  Lepidoden- 
dron and  Sigillaria  are  distinguished  by  the  shape  of  their  leaf  cushions. 
Leaves  seem  to  have  been  born  only  on  the  youngest  branches  of  these 
trees,  but  the  leaf  cushions  continued  to  grow  on  the  stem  and  on  the 
older  branches  after  the  leaves  had  fallen  off  and  formed  a  sort  of  armor 
around  the  tree  similar  in  function  to  the  armor  of  some  living  Cycads 
but  differing  in  the  shape  of  their  leaf  scars.  The  leaf  scars  of  Lepidophloios 
were  more  broad  than  long,  whereas  those  of  Lepidodendron  were  more 
long  than  broad.  Lycopodites  was  a  herbaceous  type,  similar  to  the  modern 
genera  Selaginella  and   Lycopodium. 

The  root  form  of  Lepidodendron  and  Sigillaria,  Stigmaria  ficoides, 
was  covered  with  small  rootlets  of  which  the  circular  scars  are  still  visible. 

Filicales 

The  mo^t  numerous  and  stratigraphically  most  useful  plant  fossils 
of  the  Paleozoic  sediments  are  impressions  of  fern-like  leaves.  A  large 
number,  perhaps  the  majority  of  them,  did  not  belong  to  true  ferns  but 
were  parts  of  trees  that  had  the  habitus  of  tree  ferns  and  the  fructifications 
of  Gymnosperms.  This  extinct  group  which  seemed  to  have  sprung  from 
the  same  origin  as  the  true  ferns  has  been  discovered  only  during  the  early 
twentieth  century  and  in  America  is  called  Cycadofilicales.  English 
paleobotanists  use  the  name  Pteridosperms,  a  Greek  translation  for  seed- 
ferns.     The  fructifications  of  these  Cvcadofilicales  will  be  discussed  later. 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  01     NORTHERN   ILLINOIS  17 

As  mentioned  in  an  earlier  chapter,  the  group  name  Filicales  is  still  used 
in  this  report  for  the  fern-like  impressions. 

For  two  very  characteristic  fern  stem  types  the  generic  names  of 
Megaphyton  and  Ptychopteris  are  used.     They  are  marked  by  very  large 

leaf  scars  which  were  produced  after  the  leaf  stems  or  petioles  had  fallen 
Off. 

The  fern-like  leaves  are  divided  into  genera  according  to  the  following 
characters: 

a.  The  form  of  attachment  of  the  smallest  leaf  units   (pinnules)   to 

the  stem  that  bears  them. 

b.  The  general  shape  of  the  pinnules  and  their  arrangement  and  de- 
velopment in  the  fronds. 

c.  The  venation  of  the  pinnules. 

On  the  basis  of  these  distinctions  we  have  arranged  our  material  into 
the  following  genera: 

1.  Sphenopteris.  The  pinnule  is  contracted  at  its  base  and  is  lobed 
or  dissected.     Some  Sphenopteris  species  were  Cycadofilicales. 

2.  Palmatopteris.  This  genus  resembles  Sphenopteris  but  has  very 
deeply  dissected  pinnules.     It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 

3.  Megalopteris.  This  is  a  large-leafed  fern  type  with  a  simple  pin- 
nate frond  and  was  probably  herbaceous.  It  is  rarely  found  and  occurs 
only  in  the  Pottsville  formation.  It  is  present  in  the  Rock  Island  district. 
It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 

4.  Mariopteris.  This  genus  has  a  large  frond  that  is  divided  many 
times.  Its  pinnules  have  a  broad  base  and  arch-shaped  secondary  veins 
projecting  from  the  base  of  the  pinnule.  Frequently  no  midrib  is  visible. 
It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 

5.  Neuropteris.  Pinnules  have  a  narrow  base  from  which  arch-shaped 
veins  emerge.  There  is  usually  a  midrib.  The  veins  fork  dichotomously 
from  one  to  several  times  but  are  not  connected.  At  the  base  of  the  com- 
posite frond  are  rounded  leaves  with  a  radiating  venation.  These  leaves 
were  originally  called  Cyclopteris  and  were  considered  as  belonging  to  a 
distinct  genus.  For  the  sake  of  convenience,  this  name  has  been  retained 
to  characterize  such  types  of  leaves. 

6.  Linopteris.  The  shape  of  the  pinnule  is  exactly  like  that  of  Neurop- 
teris, but  the  veins  are  anastomosed  and  form  a  net.    It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 

7.  Pecopteris.  A  large  number  of  species  belong  to  this  genus  which 
is  especially  wrell  represented  in  the  higher  strata  of  the  Pennsylvanian. 
The  pinnules  are  generally  small  and  possess  a  distinct  midrib  usually  with 
few  secondary  veins  and  a  broad  base.  The  name  Asterotheca  and  Ptycho- 
carpus  are  used  for  certain  Pecopteris  forms  which  show  spore  capsules. 

8.  Odontopteris.  This  genus  has  a  pinnule  like  Pecopteris  except  that 
there  is  no  midrib  and  the  veins  enter  parallel  from  the  base.  It  is  a  Cycado- 
filicales. 

9.  Alethopteris.  The  pinnules  also  have  a  broad  attachment,  but  their 
bases  are  decurrent.  The  midrib  is  always  very  distinct  and  the  secondary 
veins  numerous.     It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 


18  PENNSYLVANIAN  FLORA  OF  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 

10.  Callipteridium.  This  differs  primarily  by  its  broad,  bluntly  ending 
pinnules  from  Alethopteris.  In  Europe  Callipteridium  is  an  index  fossil 
of  Permian  and  Sub-Permian  strata.     It  is  a  Cycadofilicales. 

Some  basal  leaves  of  fern-like  fronds  are  called  Aphlebiae.  Sometimes 
young  leaves  which  are  still  coiled  are  found.  Although  the  generic  name, 
Spiropteris,  is  well  suited  to  these  forms,  it  seems  rather  useless  to  dis- 
tinguish species,  for  every  individual  fossil  of  this  kind  would  have  to  re- 
ceive a  species  name. 

The  only  true  ferns  (Filicales)  among  the  leaf  impressions  found  at 
Mazon  Creek  and  Braidwood  belong  to  the  genera  Sphenopteris  and 
Pecopteris. 

Cycadofilicales 

Numerous  seeds  of  gymnospermic  character  but  associated  with  fern- 
like leaves,  such  as  Codonospermum,  Tripterospermum,  Pachytesta, 
Stephanospermum,  Trigonocarpum  are  known.  Codonotheca,  which  was 
first  found  by  E.  H.  Sellards  in  Illinois  and  described  by  him,  is  probably 
a  microspore-bearing  organ  of  Neuropteris.  Staphylopteris  may  have 
had  the  same  function  but  was  associated  with  Sphenopteris. 

CORDAITALES 

These  were  gymnospermic  trees  with  tall  shafts  whose  branches  bore 
tufts  of  very  large  ribbon-shaped  leaves.  The  male  reproductive  organs 
of  this  order  received  the  generic  name  of  Cordaianthus,  the  female,  that 
of  Cardiocarpus,  and  the  leaves  that  of  Cordaites. 


PART  II.— EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES 

Note:  Objects  are  reproduced  in  natural  size  except  where  otherwise 

indicated. 

Abbreviations  for  Collections 

U  C  Coll.-  Collection  in  Walker  Museum  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago 

U  I  Coll.-  Collection  in  the  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, University  of  Illinois 

K   Coll.-  Collection    of   Wilbur  T.    Knoblock,    1901 

Ohio  St.,  Quincy,   Illinois 

C   Coll.-  Collection  of  George  Condie,   320   E.   Erie 

St.,  Spring  Valley,   Illinois 


19 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  I 


•  if*     £ 


20 


Plate  II.     EQUISETALES 

The  surviving  genus  of  this  great  Paleozoic  order  is 
Equisetum,  a  herbaceous  plant  growing  along  creeks  and 
in  damp  meadows.  It  is  commonly  called  Horse  Tail  or 
Scouring  Rush.  In  Pennsylvanian  times  tree  forms  of  this 
order  grew.  Their  stems  are  called  Calamites,  their  leaves 
Annularia,  or  if  smaller  and  more  numerous  Calamocladus, 
their  fructifications  Calamostachys.      (See  Plates  II  to  V.) 

1.  Calamites  suckowi  Brongniart,  from  La  Salle,  x  1/5,  U  C   Coll. 

No.  32000. 

2.  Calamostachys  solmsi  (Weiss)  Weiss,  from  Braidwood,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32001. 

3.  Calamites  suckowi  Brongniart,  from  Braidwood,  x  2/3  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32002. 


22 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 

1 


Bi  LLETIN  No.  52,  Plate  II 


23 


Plate  III.     EQUISETALES 


1  5.    Annularia   stellata    (Schlotheim)   Wood. 

1,2,  and  4.     From  Mazon  Creek,  U.  C.  Coll.  No.  32003. 

3  and  5.     From  Braidwood,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1281. 


24 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  1 1 1 


25 


Plate  IV.     EQUISETALES 

Calamocladus     equisetiformis     (Schlotheim)     Schimper,     from 
Morris,  III.,  x  2 '3,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1282. 

Annularia   radiata    (Brongniart)    Sternberg.      On  branches  of  a 
Calamites  stem,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/3,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1283. 


26 


Illinois  State  Geological  Surve\ 


Bulle 1 1\  No.  52,  Plate  IV 


27 


Plate  V.     EQUISETALES 

1.  Annularia  radiata   (Brongniart)   Sternberg,   from   Mazon   Creek, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32004. 

2.  Annularia    sphenophylloides    (Zenker)    Gutbier,    from    Mazon 

Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32005. 

3.  Annularia  sphenophylloides  (Zenker)  Gutbier,  from  Braidwood, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32006. 

4.  Calamostachys  germanica  Weiss  (The  strobilus  of  Calamocladus 

equisetiformis  Schl.),  from  Braidwood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32007. 

5.  Calamostachys  magna   Lesquereux,   from    Mazon     Creek,    x    2/3 

U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1284. 


28 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plan   V 


29 


Plate  VI.     SPHENOPHYLLALES 

These  grew  in  brooklets  and  had  floating  stems  and 
wedge-shaped  leaves  as  denoted  by  the  Greek  name  Spheno- 
phyllum.  No  living  relatives  of  this  Paleozoic  plant  order 
are  known. 

1.  Sphenophyllum    majus    (Bronn)    Bronn,    from    Mazon    Creek, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32008. 

2.  Sphenophyllum  stem,  from  Braidwood,  x  2/3,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32009. 

3-6.    Sphenophyllum  emarginatum  (Brongniart)  Koenig,  from  Braid- 
wood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32074,  No.  32089,  and  No.  32090. 


30 


Illinois  State  Geological  Sikvky 

1 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  VI 


31 


Plate  VII.     LYCOPODIALES 

The  surviving  genera  of  this  order  are  our  present  day 
club  mosses  Lycopodium  and  Selaginella.  From  the  Penn- 
sylvanian  are  known  tree  forms  Lepidodendron,  Lepido- 
phloios,  and  Sigillaria,  and  a  herbaceous  type  Lycopodites. 
Syringodendron  is  the  name  for  a  Sigillaria  type  which 
had  lost  its  characteristic  bark  before  fossilization.  Lepi- 
dostrobus  is  the  fructification  of  Lepidodendron.  Stig- 
maria  is  the  name  for  the  roots  of  Lepidodendron  and 
Sigillaria.      (See  Plates  VII  to  XII.) 

1.  Lepidostrobus  ovatifolius  Lesquereux  (cone  of  Lepidodendron). 

2.  Lepidodendron  lanceolatum  Lesquereux. 

3.  Lepidostrobus  communis  Lindley  and  Hutton. 

4.  Lepidodendron  latifolium  Lesquereux. 

All  are  from  Mazon  Creek,  K  Coll. 


32 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  VII 


'  mm 


m 


m 


\ 


33 


Plate  VIII.     LYCOPODIALES 

1.  Lepidophloios  protuberans  Lesquereux,  from  Braidwood,    U    C 

Coll.  No.  32010. 

2.  Lepidodendron  Wortheni    Lesquereux,   from    Mazon    Creek,   U  C 

Coll.  No.  32011. 

3.  Lepidodendron  latifolium  Lesquereux,  from  Mazon  Creek,   U  C 

Coll.  No.  32012. 


34 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  VIII 


1% 


\>,i 


■>  V  A     '  ■  1>  r    ■ 


35 


Plate  IX.     LYCOPODIALES 

Lepidodendron  rigens  Lesquereux,  from   Mazon   Creek,   U   C   Coll. 
No.   32013. 


36 


Illinois  State  Geologh  u.  Si  rvey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  IX 


37 


Plate  X.     LYCOPODIALES 

1.       Lycopodites  Meekii  Lesquereux,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Coll. 
No.  P  1285. 

2-3.    Lepidophyllum  majus  Brongniart,    from    Mazon    Creek,  x  2/1, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32014. 

4.       Lycopodites    Meekii    Lesquereux,    from    Mazon    Creek,   x   2/3, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32015. 


38 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bui  LETIN  No.  52,  Plate  X 
3 


39 


Plate  XI.     LYCOPODIALES 

1.  Sigillaria  camptotaenia   (Wood)   Wood,   from   Braidwood,   U    C 

Coll.  No.  32016. 

2.  Syrtngodendron    porteri    Lesquereux,    from    Braid-wood,    x  1/2, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32017. 

3.  Sigillaria  camptotaenia   (Wood)   Wood,   from  Braidwood,   U   C 

Coll.  No.  32018. 


40 


Illinois  State  Geological  Si  k\  e  \ 


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41 


Plate  XII.     LYCOPODIALES 

1-3.    Stigmaria  ficoides  (Sternberg)   Brongniart,  from   Braidwood,  x 
2/3,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32019,  No.  32079,  and  No.  32080. 


42 


h  i  i\ois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  XII 


<£ 


43 


Plate  XIII.     FILICALES:  SPHENOPTERIDAE 

Here  belong  such  leaf  impressions  as  might  have  grown 
on  true  herbaceous  fern  plants,  on  tree-ferns,  and  on  so- 
called  seed-ferns  or  Cycadofilicales.  The  latter  are  an  ex- 
tinct type  of  Gymnosperms  with  fern-like  foliage  and 
cycad-like  fructifications.  They  formed  a  link  between 
ferns  and  cycads  in  evolution.  In  this  publication  all  fern- 
like leaves  are  listed  under  Filicales  and  all  Cycadofilicales- 
seeds  under  Cycadofilicales.  Stems  of  true  ferns  were  found 
and  are  pictured  in  this  bulletin  under  the  generic  names 
Megaphyton  and  Ptychopteris.     (See  Plates  XIII  to  XIV.) 

1.  Palmatopteris  furcata    (Brongniart)    Potonie,   from  Braidwood, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32020. 

2.  Sphenopteris  gracilis  Brongniart,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32021. 

3.  Sphenopteris   capitata   White,  from  Braidwood,   U  C  Coll.  No. 

32022. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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45 


Plate  XIV.     FILICALES:  SPHENOPTERIDAE 

Sphenopteris   chaerophylloides    (Brongniart)    Presl,    from    Mazon 
Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32023. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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47 


Plate  XV.     FILICALES:  MEGALOPTERIDAE 

Megalopteris  southvvellii    Lesquereux,    from  Port  Byron,   Collec- 
tion of   Davenport    (Iowa)   Academy  of  Science. 


48 


Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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5S 


I 


49 


Plate  XVI.     FILICALES:  MARIOPTERIDAE 

1.       Mariopteris  muricata  var.  nervosa  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller,  from 
Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32024. 

2-3.    Mariopteris  muricata  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller,  from  Mazon  Creek, 
U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1286  and  No.  P  1317. 

4.  mariopteris  mazoniana   (Lesquereux)   White,   from  Braidwood, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32025. 

5.  Mariopteris  muricata  var.  nervosa  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller,  from 

Braidwood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32081. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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51 


Plate  XVII.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-3.    Neuropteris    rarinervis    Bunbery. 

1.  From  Spring  Valley,  x  1/2,  C  Coll. 

2.  From  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/3,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1287. 

3.  From  Spring  Valley,  x  1/3,  C  Coll. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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*Sa 


53 


Plate  XVIII.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-3.    Neuropteris  rarinervis  Bunbery. 

1.  From  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32088. 

2.  From  Mazon  Creek,  x  1/2,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1288. 

3.  From  Braidwood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32026. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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55 


Plate  XIX.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Cyclopteris   orbicularis    Brongniart,    from    Braidwood,    U    C 
Coll.  No.  32027  and  No.  32082. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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57 


Plate  XX.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1.  Neuropteris  flexuosa  Sternberg,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32028. 

2.  Neuropteris  clarksoni  Lesquereux,  from   Mazon   Creek,  x  2/3, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32029. 

3.  Neuropteris   ovata   Hoffmann,   from    Mazon    Creek,    U   C    Coll. 

No.  32030. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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59 


Plate  XXI.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1.       Neuropteris  clarksoni  Lesquereux,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  1/2, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32031. 

2-3.    Neuropteris  flexuosa  Sternberg,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/3,  U 
C  Coll.  No.  32032  and  No.  32083. 

4.  Neuropteris  ovata  Hoffman,  from   Mazon   Creek,  x  2/3,   U  I 

Coll.  No.  P  1289. 

5.  Neuropteris  crenulata  Brongniart,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/3, 

U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1290. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 
l 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  XXI 


Ik 


61 


Plate  XXII.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 
and  LINOPTERIDAE 

1-3.    Neuropteris  capitata  Lesquereux. 

1.       Ultimate  pinnule  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1291. 

2-3.    From  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32033  and  No.  32084. 

4.        Linopteris    neuropteroides    (Gutbier)    Potonie,   from    Mazon 
Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1292. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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63 


Plate  XXIII.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 
and  LINOPTERIDAE 

1.  Linopteris  neuropteroides  (Gutbier)  Potonie,  from  Mazon  Creek, 

U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1293. 

2.  Neuropteris    oblongifolia    Gutbier,    from    Mazon    Creek,    U    I 

Coll.  No.  P  1294. 

3.  Neuropteris   flexuosa   Sternberg,   from   Mazon    Creek,    K   Coll. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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65 


Plate  XXIV.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1.       Neuropteris  vermicularis  Lesquereux,   from   Mazon   Creek,  x 
5/4,   K  Coll. 

2-4.    Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux. 

2.  From  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/5,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1296. 

3.  From  Braidwood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32034. 

4.  From  Mazon  Creek,  x  3/2,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32035. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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67 


Plate  XXV.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-3.    Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux. 

1.       From  Braidwood,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32035. 
2-3.    From  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/5,  K  Coll. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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69 


Plate  XXVI.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-4.    Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux. 

1.  Cyclopteroid  leaf,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  6/5,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P 

1297. 

2.  From  Mazon  Creek,  x  9/10,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1298. 

3.  Cyclopteroid  leaf,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32036. 

4.  From  Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1299. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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71 


Plate  XXVII.     FILICALES:  NEUROPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux. 

1.  From  Mazon  Creek,  K  Coll. 

2.  From   Mazon  Creek,  x  3/2,  K  Coll. 

3.        Neuropteris  rarinervis  Bunbery,  Cycloperoid  leaf,  from  Braid- 
wood,  x  6/5,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32037. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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73 


Plate  XXVIII.   FILICALES:  VARIOUS  LEAF  TYPES 

1.  Aphlebia  leaf. 

2.  Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux.  Cyclopteroid  leaf. 
3-4.    Spiropteris  leaves,  young  and  rolled  leaves. 

5.       Neuropteris  decipiens  Lesquereux,   Cyclopteroid  leaf. 
All  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32038-42. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  XXVI 1 1 

3 


Plate  XXIX.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1.  Pecopteris  pseudovestita  White,  from   Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32043. 

2.  Pecopteris   vestita    Lesquereux,   from    Mazon   Creek,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32044. 

3.  Pecopteris  vestita   Lesquereux,  from   Mazon  Creek,  x  1/2,  U  C 

Coll.  No.  32045. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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W&  *$ 


77 


Plate  XXX.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1.  Pecopteris  MILTONI  Artis,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32047. 

2.  Pecopteris    vestita    Lesquereux,   from    Mazon   Creek,   U   I   Coll. 

No.  P  1301. 

3.  Pecopteris  squamosa  Lesquereux,  from    Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Col!. 

No.  P  1302. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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79 


Plate  XXXI.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Pecopteris  arborescens    (Brongniart)    Sternberg  from   Mazon 
Creek.  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1303-4. 


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Illinois  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  Si  k\  i:\ 

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Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  XXXI 


81 


Plate  XXXII.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

Pecopteris  pennaeformis  (Brongniart)  Sternberg,  from  Braidwood, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32048. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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83 


Plate  XXXIII.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

Pecopteris   DENTATA    Brorigniart,  from  Morris,  x  2/1,  I"  I  Coll.  No. 
P  1305. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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85 


Plate  XXXIV.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1.  Pecopteris  unita   Brongniart,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No. 

P  1300. 

2.  The  same,  x  3/1. 

3.  Pecopteris  miltoni  Artis,  from  Mazon  Creek,  K  Coll. 

4.  Pecopteris  miltoni  Artis,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32046. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


Bulletin  No.  52,  Plate  XXXIV 


Plate  XXXV.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Pecopteris    unita    Brongniart,    from    Mazon    Creek,   U    I    Coll. 
No.  P  1306-7. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


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•^d#- 


( 


89 


Plate  XXXVI.     FILICALES:  PECOPTERIDAE 

1-4.    Ptychocarpus  unita  (Brongniart)  Weiss,  with  sori. 

Nos.  1,  3,  and  4.    From  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32049-51. 

No.  2.    From  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/l,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32087. 


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91 


Plate  XXXVII.     FILICALES:  ODONTOPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Odontopteris   subcuneata    Bunbery,   from   Mazon  Creek,  U  C 
Coll.  No.  32052-3. 

3-4.    Odontopteris  wortheni    Lesquereux,  from   Mazon  Creek,  U  C 
Coll.  No.  32054-5. 


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Illinois  State  Geological  Surve\ 


l'»i  lletin  No.  52,  Plate  XXXVII 


93 


Plate  XXXVIII.     FILICALES:  ALETHOPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Alethopteris  serlii  (Brongniart)  Goeppert,  from  Mazon  Creek, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32056-7. 

3-4.    Alethopteris   serlii    (Brongniart)   Goeppert,   from   Braidwood, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32058-9. 


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95 


Plate  XXXIX.     FILICALES:  ALETHOPTERIDAE 

1.  Alethopteris    davreuxi    (Brongniart)    Goeppert,    from    Mazon 

Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1308. 

2.  Alethopteris  serlii  (Brongniart)  Goeppert,  from  Mazon  Creek, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32060. 

3--J.    Alethopteris  serlii  (Brongniart)  Goeppert,  from  Mazon  Creek, 
K  Coll. 


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07 


Plate  XL.     FILICALES:  ALETHOPTERIDAE 

1-2.    Alethopteris   grandini    (Brongniart)    Goeppert,    from    Mazon 
Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1309-10. 


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99 


Plate  XLI.     FILICALES:  CALLIPTERIDAE 

1-4.    Callipteridium  sullivanti  (Lesquereux)  Weiss. 

1,  4.     From  Mazon  Creek,  U  I  Coll.  No.  P  1311-12. 

2,  3.    From  Mazon  Creek,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32061-2. 


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101 


Plate  XLII.    CYCADOFILICALES: 
REPRODUCTIVE   ORGANS 

1-4.    Staphylopteris    sagittatus    Lesquereux,    from    Mazon    Creek, 
U  C  Coll.  No.  32063-6. 


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103 


Plate  XLIII.     CYCADOFILICALES: 
REPRODUCTIVE  ORGANS 

1-3.    Codonotheca   caduca   Sellards,  from  Mazon  Creek,  x  2/1,  U  I 
Coll.  No.  P  1313,  P  1318,  P  1319. 

4.  Codonospermum   anomalum    Brongniart,  from   Braidwood,  U  C 

Coll.  No.  32067. 

5.  Tripterospermum     rostratum     Brongniart,     from     Braidwood 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32086. 


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105 


Plate  XLIV.     CYCADOFILTCALES  AND 
CORDAITALES: 

REPRODUCTIVE  ORGANS 

1-2.    Tripterospermum  rostratum  Brongniart,  from  Braidwood,  U  C 
Coll.  No.  32068. 

3.  Cardiocarpus  orbicularis  Ettingshausen,  x  2/1,  from  Mazon 

Creek,  K  Coll. 

4.  Pachytesta  incrassata  Brongniart,  from  Braid-vcood,  U  C  Coll. 

No.  32069. 

5.  Trigonocarpum    noeggerathi    Sternberg,    from    Mazon    Creek, 

x  2/1,  K  Coll. 


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107 


Plate  XLV.      CYCADOFILICALES,  CORDAITALES, 
AND   FERN  STEMS 

An  extinct  class  of  Paleozoic  Gymnosperms  is  named 
Cordaitales  in  honor  of  the  great  paleobotanist  Corda. 
Leaves,  stems,  and  the  reproductive  organs  have  been 
found.  The  leaves  belong  to  the  genus  Cordaites,  the  male 
reproductive  organs  to  Cordaianthus  and  the  seeds  to 
Cardiocarpus.  Specimens  are  illustrated  in  Plate  XLV, 
figs.  2  and  3. 

1.  Staphyllopteris    sagittatus    Lesquereux,    from    Mazon    Creek, 

K  Coll. 

2.  Cordaites   grandifolius  Lesquereux,  from    Mazon  Creek,  x  1/2, 

U  C  Coll.  No.  32071. 

3.  Cordaianthus  gemmifer  Grand  '  Eury,  from  Mazon  Creek,  U  C 

Coll.  No.  32072. 

4.  Megaphyton  spec,  from  Braidwood,  x  3/1,  U  C  Coll.  No.  32073. 

5.  Ptychopteris  spec,  from  Coal  City  Willmington  Star  Coal  Mining 

Co.,  Mine  No.  7,  x  3/1,  Property  of  Mining  Company. 


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109 


INDEX 


PAGE 

A 

Acknowledgments 12 

Alethopteridae 15,  94-99 

Alethopteris 17 

davreuxi  (Brongniart)  Goeppert.. 

15,  96-97 

grandini  (Brongniart)  Goeppert.. 

15,  98-99 

serlii  (Brongniart)  Goeppert 

15,  94-95,  96-97 

Annularia 15 

radiata  (Brongniart)  Sternberg..  . 

13,  26-29 

sphenophylloides    (Zenker)     Gut- 
bier 13,  28-29 

stellata  (Schlotheim)  Wood..  .13,  24-25 

Aphlebiae 18,  74 

Asterotheca 17 

B 

Baker,  F.  C.,  cooperation  of 10,  12 

Braidwood,  fossils  from  vicinity  of .  .         9, 

22-23,    24-25,    28-29,    30-31,    34-35, 

40-45,   50-51,   54-57,   66-67,   68-69, 

72-73,  82-83,  95-96,   104-105,   106- 

107 

C 

Calamites 15 

suckowi  Brongniart 13,  22-23 

Calamocladus 15 

equisetiformis    (Schlotheim) 

Schimper 13,  26-27 

Calamostachys 15 

germanica  Weiss 13,  28-29 

magna  Lesquereux 13,  28-29 

solmsi  (Weiss)  Weiss 13,  22-23 

Callipteridae 15,  100-101 

Callipteridium 18 

sullivanti   (Lesquereux)   Weiss.  .  . 

15,  100-101 

Cardiocarpus 18 

orbicularis  Ettingshausen  .  .  15,  106-107 

Carr,  Ed.,  cooperation  of 12 

Carr,  J.  C.,  fossils  collected  by 10,  12 

Classification  of  fossil  plants.  .  .11-12,  13 
Coal  City,  fossil  plants  from   mine 

near 9 

fossils  from  vicinity  of 108-109 


PAGE 

Codonospermum 18 

anomalum  Brongniart 15,  104-105 

Codonotheca 18 

caduca  Sellards 15,  104-105 

Condie,  George,  fossils  collected  by.  10,  12 
Cordaianthus 18 

gemmifer  Grand  '  Eury  ....  15,  108-109 

Cordaitales 15,  18,  106-109 

Cordaites 18 

grandifolius  Lesquereux. ...  15,  108-109 

Culver,  H.  E.,  assistance  of 12 

Cycadofilicales 15,  16-17,  18,  102-109 

Cyclopteris 17 

orbicularis  Brongniart 14,  56-57 

D 

Daniels,  L.  E.,  fossils  collected  by.  10,  12 

Dawson,  William,  work  of 10 

De  Wolf,  F.  W.,  cooperation  of .  .  .  .        12 

E 

Equisetales 13,  15,  22-29 

F 

Fern  stems 15,  108-109 

Filicales 14,  16-18,  44-101 

Fossil  plants,  classification  of 11-12 

identification  of 12-15 

Fossil  species,  definition  of 12-13 

H 

Historical  review 10-1 1 

I 
Introduction 9-12 

K 

Kidston,  R.,  work  of 11 

Knoblock,  W.  J.,  fossils  collected  by.  10,  12 


LaSalle,  fossils  from  vicinity  of.  .  .  .22-23 
Leighton,  M.  M.,  cooperation  of.  .  .        12 

Lepidodendron 16 

lanceolatum  Lesquereux 14,  32-33 


111 


112 


INDEX— Continued 


PAGE 

latifolium  Lesquereux.  14,  32-33,  34-35 

rigens  Lesquereux 14,  36-37 

wortheni  Lesquereux 14,  34-35 

Lepidophloios 16 

protuberans  Lesquereux 14,  34-35 

Lepidophyllum 16 

majus  Brongniart 14,  38-39 

Lepidostrobus 16 

communis  Lindley  and  Hutton.  . 

14,  32-33 

ovatifolius  Lesquereux 14,  32-33 

Lesley,  J.  P.,  work  of 11 

Lesquereux,  Leo,  work  of 3,  10-11 

Linopteridae 14 

Linopteris 17 

neuropteroides  (Gutbier)   Potonie 

14,  62-63,  64-65 

Location  of  area 9-10 

Lycopodiales 14,  16,  32-43 

Lycopodites 16 

meekii  Lesquereux 14,  38-39 


M 


Mariopteridae 14,  50-51 

Mariopteris 17 

mazoniana  (Lesquereux)  White .  . 

14,  50-51 

muricata  (Schlotheim)  Zeiller.  .  .  . 

14,  50-51 

muricata    var.     nervosa    (Schlot- 
heim) Zeiller 14,  50-51 

Mazon  Creek,  fossils  from   vicinity 

of 9, 

24-25,  26-27,  28-29,  30-31,  32-33, 
34-39,  44-45,  46-47,  50-51,  52-53, 
54-55,  58-67,  68-73,  74-81,  86-95, 
96-105,  106-107,  108-109 

Megalopteridae 14,  48-49 

Megalopteris 17 

southwellii  Lesquereux 14,  48-49 

Megaphyton  spec 15,  17,  108-109 

Miller,  S.  A.,  work  of 11 

Morris,  fossils  from  vicinity  of .  .  .  . 

9,  26-27,  84-85 


N 


Neuropteridae 14,  52-75 

Neuropteris 17 

capitata  Lesquereux 14,  62-63 

clarksoni  Lesquereux.  .14,  58-59,  60-61 

crenulata  Brongniart 14,  60-61 

decipiens  Lesquereux 14,  66-75 

flexuosa  Sternberg 

14,  58-59,  60-61,  64-65 

oblongifolia  Gutbier 14,  64-65 


PAGE 

ovata  Hoffmann 14,  58-59,  60-61 

rarinervis  Bunbery 14,  52-55,  72-73 

vermicularis  Lesquereux 14,  66-67 

O 

Odontopteridae 15,  92-93 

Odontopteris 17 

subcuneata  Bunbery 15,  92-93 

wortheni  Lesquereux 15,  92-93 

Oswald,  W.,  cooperation  of 12 


Pachytesta 18 

incrassata  Brongniart 15,  106-107 

Palmatopteris 17 

furcata  (Brongniart)  Potonie.  14,  44-45 

Pecopteridae 14,  76-91 

Pecopteris 17,  18 

arborescens    (Brongniart)    Stern- 
berg  15,  80-81 

dentata  Brongniart 15,  84-85 

miltoni  Artis 14,  78-79,  86-87 

pennaeformis  (Brongniart)  Stern- 
berg  15,  82-83 

pseudovestita  White 14,  76-77 

squamosa  Lesquereux 14,  78-79 

unita  Brongniart 15,  86-87,  88-89 

vestita  Lesquereux 14,  76-77,  78-79 

Port  Byron,  fossils  from 48 

Ptychocarpus     unita     (Brongniart) 

Weiss 15,  90-91 

Ptychopteris  spec 15,  17,  108-109 


Sigillaria 16 

camptotoenia  (Wood)  Wood.  .14,  40-41 
Skinner  mine,  fossil  plants  from. ...  9 

Species,  definition  of 12-13 

Sphenophyllales 14,  16,  30-31 

Sphenophyllum 16 

emarginatum    (Brongniart)    Koe- 
nig 14,  30-31 

majus  (Bronn)  Bronn 14,  30-31 

Sphenopteridae 14,  44-47 

Sphenopteris 17,  18 

capitata  White 14,  44-45 

chaerophylloides    (Brongniart) 
Presl 14,  46-47 

gracilis  (Brongniart)  Presl 14,  44-45 

Spiropteris 18,  74-75 

Spring  Valley,  fossils   from  vicinity 

of 9,  10,  52-53 

Staphylopteris 18 

sagittatus  Lesquereux 

15,  102-103,  108-109 


[NDEX- 

PAGE 

Stephanian,  correlation  of  flora  from        10 

Stephanospermum 18 

Stigmaria 16 

ficoides  (Sternberg)  Brongniart. .  . 

14,  16,  42-43 

Syringodendron 16 

porteri  Lesquereux 14,  40-41 

T 

Trigonocarpum 18 

noeggerathi  Sternberg 15,  106-107 


Continued 


113 


PAGE 

Tripterospermum 18 

rostratum  Brongniart 

15,  104-105,  106-107 


W 


Walsh,  W.  E.,  specimens  given  by..        12 

White,  David,  assistance  of 3,  11,  12 

Wilmington  Star  mine,  fossil  plants 

from 9 


Young,  C.  D.,  fossils  collected  by.  .10,  12 


